1815

January 8

• US 7th Infantry Regiment plus others (total 4500) defeat a British force of 8000 in the Battle of New Orleans under Major General Andrew Jackson. The battle was fought on the grounds of Chalmette Plantation, downriver from New Orleans. British killed/wounded/captured: 2055; American: 101. [1] [118.26] [432.75]
• Edward Pakenham English General (Battle of New Orleans), dies in battle. [1]

January 21

• M Claudius writer, dies at age 74. [1]

January 30

• Burned Library of Congress reestablished with Jefferson's 6500 volumes. [1]

February 3

• World's first commercial cheese factory established, in Switzerland. [1]

February 4

• Geert Reinders Dutch cattle breeder/inoculation proponent, dies at age 77. [1]
• Jacob van Strij Dutch cartoonist/graphic artist, dies at age 58. [1]

February 6

• New Jersey issues first US railroad charter (John Stevens). [1]

February 15

• Treaty of Ghent fully ratified, ending War of 1812. [118.32]

February 17

• Franz Gotz composer, dies at age 59. [1]

February 18

• Treaty of peace with Great Britain proclaimed. [1]

February 19

• Leonhard von Call composer, dies at age 47. [1]

February 24

• Robert Fulton steamboat pioneer, dies. [1]

February 26

• Napoleon and 1,200 leave Elba to start 100-day re-conquest of France. [1]

March 1

• Sunday observance in Netherlands regulated by law. [1]

March 3

• US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners and demanding tribute. [1]

March 16

• Willem I proclaimed king of the Netherlands, including Belgium. [1]

March 20

• Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule. [1] [5]

April 5

• Eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa Java). [1]

April 6

• English militia shoots prisoners, 100's killed. [1]

April 10

• Austria declares war on realm of Naples. [1]

May 3

• Battle at Tolentino: Austria beats king Joachim of Naples. [1]

May 21

• Roman Hoffstetter composer, dies at age 73. [1]

May 24

• George Evans discovers Lachlan River, Australia. [1]

May 29

• Cornelis de Gijselaar politician/patriot, dies at age 64. [1]

June 8

• 39 German states unite under the Act of Confederation. [1]

June 18

• Battle of Waterloo: Napoléon defeated by Wellington and Blücher. [1] [118.9]

June 22

• Second abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo). [1]

July 15

• Napoleon Bonaparte captured. [1]

August 6

• US flotilla ends piracy by Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. [1]

August 8

• Napoleon Bonaparte set sail for exile on Saint Helena. [1]

September 24

• John Sevier indian fighter, dies at age 70. [1]

October 31

• Sir Humphrey Davy of London patents miner's safety lamp. [1]

November 27

• Cracow (Poland) declared a free republic. [1]

December 7

• Michel Ney French marshal (Waterloo), murdered at age 46. [1]

December 15

• Rossini gets assignment for Il barbiere di Siviglia. [1]

December 19

• Michel Woldemar composer, dies at age 65. [1]
• Robert Hudson composer, dies at age 83. [1]

December 20

• Giovanni Meli Sicilian poet (Buccolica), dies at age 75. [1]

December 22

• José Maria Morelos, Mexican revolutionary priest, executed by Spaniards. [1]

December 29

• Saartjie Baartman the Hottentot Venus, dies in Paris. [1]

1816

January 1

• François Alexander Sallantin composer, dies at age 60. [1]

January 12

• France decrees Bonaparte family excluded from the country forever. [1]

January 15

• Henry Harington composer, dies at age 88. [1]

January 22

• Lord Byron completes "Parisina" and "The Siege of Corinth". [1]

January 27

• Samuel Hood first Viscount Hood/admiral, dies. [1]

January 30

• Reinier Vinkeles Dutch engraver/cartoonist/art collector, dies at age 74. [1]

February 4

• Meingosus Gaelle composer, dies at age 63. [1]

February 5

• Rossini's Opera "Barber of Seville" premieres in Rome. [1]

February 10

• Johann Paul Aegidius Martini composer, dies at age 74. [1]

February 13

• Teatro San Carlo in Naples destroyed by fire. [1]

February 20

• Rossini's opera "The Barber of Seville" premieres in Rome. [1]

February 22

• Adam Ferguson Scottish sociologist/historian, dies at age 92. [1]

February 27

• Dutch regain Suriname. [1]

February 29

• Dutch (King) Willem II marries Russian grand-duchess Anna Paulowna. [1]

March 6

• Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany. [1]

March 18

• Johann Paul Schulthesius composer, dies at age 67. [1]

March 20

• US Supreme Court affirms its right to review state court decisions. [1]

March 23

• Ignaz Vitzthumb composer, dies at age 95. [1]

April 9

• African Methodist Episcopal Church organizes (Philadelphia PA). [1]

April 10

• Second Bank of US chartered. [1]

May 5

• American Bible Society organized (New York). [1]

May 10

• English steamship "Defiance" arrives at Rotterdam harbor. [1]

May 11

• American Bible Society forms (New York). [1]

May 29

• Madame L'Ouverture widow of Haiti's leader Toussaint L'O, dies. [1]

June 6

• 10 inches of snowfall in New England, the "year without a summer" (due to volcano Krakatoa). [1]

June 22

• An English statute establishes a single gold standard for money, with silver coins reduced to status of tokens of limited legal tender. [309.xvi,76] [444.42]

July 1

• French frigate Medusa wrecked; basis of Géricault's Raft of the Medusa. [1]

July 3

• French frigate "Medusa" runs aground off Cap Blanc. Gross. [1]

July 8

• Frost in Waltham, Massachusetts. [1]

July 9

• Argentina declares independence from Spain. [1] [5] [390.12]

July 19

• Survivors of French frigate Medusa rescued off Senegal after 17 days. [1]

July 27

• Fort Blount on Apalachicola Bay Florida, attacked by US Troops. [1]

August 3

• In England, an Order in Council decrees that future gold coins would be the sovereign (20 shillings) and half sovereigns (10 shillings), 22-karats fine, with no more guineas or 7-shilling pieces. [309.76]

October 7

• First double decked steamboat, the Washington, arrived in New Orleans. [1]

December 2

• First savings bank in US opens (Philadelphia Savings Fund Society). [1]

December 4

• James Monroe (Virginia), elected 5th President, defeating Federalist Rufus King. [1]

December 10

• Dutch regain Sumatra. [1]

December 11

• Citizens of Geneva thwarted Savoyard invaders. [1]
• Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state. [1] [5]

December 13

• Patent for a dry dock issued to John Adamson, Boston. [1]

December 15

• Joseph Franz Maximilian Lobkowitz composer, dies at age 44. [1]

December 16

• Vincenzo Galeotti [Tomazelli] Italian dancer/choreographer, dies at age 73. [1]

December 28

• American Colonization Society organizes. [1]

1817

January 1

• Martin H Klaproth German chemist (uranium), dies at age 73. [1]

January 14

• Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny composer, dies at age 87. [1]

January 16

• Antonin Josef Alois Volanek composer, dies at age 55. [1]

January 18

• San Martin leads a revolutionary army over Andes. [1]

January 22

• English freighter Diana sinks off Malaysia. [1]

January 25

• Rossini's opera "La Cenerentola" premieres in Rome. [1]

January 28

• Friedrich Ludwig Emilius Kunzen composer, dies at age 55. [1]

January 31

• Franz Grillparzer's "Die Ahnfrau" premieres in Vienna. [1]

February 5

• First US gas company incorporated, Baltimore (coal gas for street lights). [1]

February 9

• Franz Wilhelm Tausch composer, dies at age 54. [1]

February 17

• First US city lit by gas (Baltimore). [1]

February 18

• Giacomo Quarenghi master builder (Hermitage Theater), dies at age 72. [1]

February 20

• Martin de Ron composer, dies at age 27. [1]

March 1

• Luigi Gatti composer, dies at age 77. [1]

March 2

• First Evangelical church building dedicated, New Berlin Pennsylvania. [1]

March 3

• Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory and Mississippi. [1]

March 13

• Matej Sojka composer, dies at age 77. [1]

March 18

• Johann Jakob Walder composer, dies at age 67. [1]

March 25

• Tsar Alexander I recommends formation of Society of Israeli Christians. [1]

April 4

• André Masséna Duc de Rivoli soldier, dies. [1]
• Prince d'Essing dies. [1]

April 6

• Bonaventura Furlanetto composer, dies at age 78. [1]

April 12

• Charles Messier "comet ferret" and catalogs famous "M objects", dies. [1]

April 15

• First American school for the deaf opens (Hartford Connecticut). [1]

April 17

• First US school for the deaf founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc (American School for the Deaf-Hartford Connecticut). [1]

April 22

• Curaçao prohibits use of white paint due to fierce sunlight. [1]

May 15

• Ambonese uprising against Dutch authority, under T Matulesia. [1]

May 16

• Mississippi River steamboat service begins. [1]

May 21

• Johann Friedrich Christmann composer, dies at age 64. [1]

May 24

• Juan Meléndez Valdés Spanish lawyer/poet, dies at age 63. [1]

June 24

• First coffee planted in Hawaii on Kona coast. [1]

July 4

• Construction on Erie Canal begins with ground-breaking in Utica, New York, USA. The canal will run 350 miles between Buffalo and Albany. [1] [303.49]

July 12

• First flower show held (Dannybrook, County Cork, Ireland). [1]

August 18

• Gloucester, Massachusetts, newspapers tells of wild sea serpent seen offshore. [1]

September 9

• Paul Cuffe entrepreneur/ civil rights activist, dies at age 58. [1]

September 22

• John Quincy Adams becomes secretary of State. [1]

October 20

• First Mississippi showboat leaves Nashville on maiden voyage. [1]

November 25

• First sword swallower in US performs (New York City). [1]

November 27

• US soldiers attack Florida Indian village, beginning Seminole War. [1]

December 1

• Justin Heinrich Knechtl composer, dies at age 65. [1]

December 7

• William Bligh British naval officer of "Bounty" fame dies in London at age 63. [1]

December 10

• Mississippi admitted as 20th state. [1]

December 11

• Max von Schenkendorf German poet, dies at age 34. [1]

December 15

• Maria Walewska [Leszczinska] lover of emperor Napoleon I, dies. [1]

December 16

• Leaders of Molukkas uprising hanged in Ambon. [1]

December 30

• First coffee planted in Hawaii (Kona). [1]

1818

January 1

• Fedele Fenaroli composer, dies at age 87. [1]
• Official reopening of the White House. [1]

January 2

• Lord Byron completes "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (4th canto). [1]

January 21

• Keats writes his poem "On a Lock of Milton's Hair". [1]

January 26

• On the 30th anniversary of British settlement, Australia Day is first celebrated as an official holiday. [129]

January 30

• Keats composes his sonnet, "When I Have Fears". [1]

February 1

• Giuseppi Gazzaniga composer, dies at age 74. [1]

February 7

• First successful US educational magazine "Academician" begins (New York City, New York). [1]

February 12

• Chile gains independence from Spain. [1]

February 13

• George Rogers Clark frontier military leader in Revolutionary War, dies. [1]

February 14

• John C Hespe Dutch journalist/politician, dies at age 61. [1]

February 15

• Charles XIII King of Sweden (1809-18)/Norway (1814-18), dies at age 69. [1]

February 17

• Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun patents "draisine" (early bicycle). [1]

February 28

• Adriaan Loosjes Pzn Dutch publisher/writer (Moral Stories), dies at age 56. [1]

March 18

• US Congress approves first pensions for government service. [1]

March 23

• Nicolas Isouard composer, dies at age 42. [1]

March 28

• Giuseppe Antonio Capuzzi composer, dies at age 62. [1]

April 4

• US Congress decided US flag is 13 red and white stripes and 20 stars. [1]

April 7

• General Andrew Jackson conquers Saint Marks Florida from Seminole Indians. [1]

April 14

• US Medical Corp forms. [1]

April 16

• US Senate ratifies Rush-Bagot amendment (unarmed US-Canada border). [1]

April 18

• Pieter Ondaatje Ceylon/Dutch lawyer, dies at age 59. [1]

April 21

• Franz Grillparzer's "Sappho", premieres in Vienna. [1]

April 28

• Monroe proclaims naval disarmament on Great Lakes and Lake Champlain. [1]

May 2

• Herman W Daendels Governor-General of Guinea (1815-18), dies at age 55. [1]

May 4

• Netherlands and England sign treaty against illegal slave handling. [1]

May 7

• Leopold Jan Antonin Kozeluh composer, dies at age 70. [1]

May 8

• Franz Ignaz Kaa composer, dies at age 78. [1]

May 24

• General Andrew Jackson captures Pensacola Florida. [1]

May 26

• Michael A Barclay de Tolly Russian fieldmarshal/War Minister, dies. [1]

May 28

• First steam-vessel to sail Great Lakes launched. [1]

July 11

• Keats writes "In the Cottage Where Burns Was Born," "Lines Written. [1]

August 22

• Warren Hastings first governor-general of India (1773-84), dies at age 85. [1]

August 28

• Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable trader, founder of Chicago, dies. [1]

October 19

• US and Chicasaw Indians sign a treaty. [1]

October 20

• 49th parallel established as the border between US and Canada. [1]
• US and Britain agree to joint control of Oregon country. [1]

November 21

• Russia's Czar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine. [1]

December 3

• Illinois admitted as 21st US state. [1] [453.70] [498.40]

December 5

• Bruno Daalberg/Anonymus Belga Secretary of High Council Adel, dies at age 60. [1]

December 24

• "Silent Night" is composed by Franz Joseph Gruber and first sung the next day. [1] [5]

December 25

• First US performance of Händel's Messiah, Boston. [1]
• First known Christmas carol ("Silent Night, Holy Night" by Franz Joseph Gruber and Joseph Mohr) sung (Austria). [1]

December 31

• Jean-Pierre Duport composer, dies at age 77. [1]

1819

January 8

• Christian Gottlob Saupe composer, dies at age 55. [1]

January 16

• Godert baron van der de Capellen becomes Governor of Dutch-Indies. [1]

January 20

• Carlos IV King of Spain (1788-1808), dies at age 70. [1]

January 28

• Sir Stamford Raffles first lands in Singapore. [1]

February 6

• Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds freeport harbor Singapore. [1]

February 19

• British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands. [5]

February 22

• Spain renounces claims to Oregon Country, Florida (Adams-Onís Treaty). [1]

February 25

• Filinto Elísio [do Nascimento], Portuguese poet, dies at age 84. [1]

February 28

• First public performance of a Schubert song, "Schäfers Klageleid". [1]

March 2

• Territory of Arkansas organized. [1]
• US passed its first immigration law. [1]

March 9

• Janos Fusz composer, dies at age 41. [1]

March 10

• Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi writer, dies. [1]

March 16

• Nicolas Sejan composer, dies at age 73. [1]

March 23

• August v Kotzebue writer, dies. [1]

April 2

• First successful agricultural journal ("The American Farmer") begins. [1]

April 26

• Odd Fellows Lodge is established. [1]

May 11

• Caspar Furstenau composer, dies at age 47. [1]

May 16

• Alexander van Bylandt military, dies at age 75. [1]

May 21

• First bicycles (swift walkers) in US introduced in New York City. [1]

May 22

• The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. [1] [5]
• John H van Kinsbergen Lieutenant-Admiral/founder (Corps Marines), dies at age 84. [1]

June 16

• In Kachchh (Rann of Kutch), Gujarat, India, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. 1,500 - 2,000 killed. [53]

June 20

• Savannah becomes first steamship to cross any ocean (Atlantic). The ship uses its steam engine for 90 hours to power a removable paddlewheel, emplying sails for most of the journey. [1] [260.9]

June 26

• The bicycle is patented. [5]

July 4

• William Herschel makes last telescopic observation of 1819 comet. [1]

August 2

• First parachute jump in US. [1]

August 7

• Battle of Boyacá; Bolívar defeats Spanish in Colombia. [1]

August 16

• Manchester Massacre; English police charge unemployed demonstrators. [1]

August 23

• Oliver Hazard Perry naval hero, dies on 34th birthday. [1]

September 17

• First whaling ship arrives in Hawaii. [1]

December 9

• Ann C Coleman fiancee of President Buchanan, commits suicide. [1]

December 14

• Alabama admitted to the Union as the 22nd state. [1]

December 17

• Congress of Angostura establishes Colombia's independence from Spain. [1]

December 20

• Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis composer, dies at age 50. [1]