- January 8
- Leonardo Da Vinci's painting Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time. [5]
- Dutch express train crashes into slow commuter train, 91 die (Netherlands). [1]
- January 10
- Eruptions on Mount Huascaran in Peru destroy seven villages and kill 3,500. [1]
- January 15
- Dutch and Indonesian navy encounter in Etna Bay, New Guinea. [1]
- January 18
- US begins spraying foliage in Vietnam to reveal Viet Cong guerrillas. [1]
- January 23
- British spy Kim Philby defects to USSR. [1]
- Libya, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia plan to form United Arab Maghreb. [1]
- January 24
- 28 refugees escape from East to West Germany. [1]
- January 26
- Canadian Marine Service renamed Coast Guard. [1]
- US launches Ranger 3; misses Moon by 22,000 miles (37,000km). [1]
- January 30
- United Nations General Assembly censures Portugal (because of Angola). [1]
- February 2
- Eight of nine planets align for first time in 400 years. [1]
- USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]
- February 3
- US President John Kennedy bans all trade with Cuba except for food and drugs. [1]
- February 5
- French President Charles de Gaulle calls for Algeria's independence. [1]
- Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn within 16 degrees. [1]
- February 7
- Gas explosion in Luisanthal coal mine in Voelklingen, Germany, kills 298. [1]
- US President John Kennedy begins blockade of Cuba. [1]
- February 9
- Jamaica signs agreement to become independent. [1]
- February 10
- USSR swaps spy Francis Gary Power to US for Rudolph Abel. [1]
- February 17
- Storm in Hamburg, Germany, kills 265. [1]
- February 18
- France and Algerian Muslims negotiate truce to end seven-year war. [1]
- February 20
- NASA's Friendship 7 space craft is launched, with Colonel John Glenn as first American to orbit Earth. The craft makes three orbits in five hours. [1] [129] [452.94]
- February 21
- Minister De Pous confirms natural gas reserves in Groningen, Netherlands. [1]
- February 24
- General mobilization in Indonesia over New-Guinea. [1]
- February 25
- India Congress Party wins elections. [1]
- February 27
- South-Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem's palace bombed, first US killed of war. [1]
- March 1
- American Airlines 707 plunges nose first into Jamaica Bay, New York, killing 95. [1]
- US/British nuclear test experiment in Nevada. [1]
- Uganda becomes a self-governing country. [1]
- March 2
- US President John Kennedy announces US will resume above ground nuclear testing. [1]
- March 3
- British Antarctic Territory is formed. [1]
- March 4
- The United States Atomic Energy Commission announces that the first atomic power plant at McMurdo Station in Antarctica is in operation. [1] [5]
- March 6
- US promises Thailand assistance against communist aggression. [1]
- March 7
- The Beatles make their broadcasting debut on BBC radio. [1]
- Launch of OSO 1, first astronomy satellite (solar flare data). [1]
- March 9
- Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser declares Gaza belongs to Palestinians. [1]
- US advisors in South-Vietnam join the fight. [1]
- March 12
- Dutch Premier De Quay announces secret talks with Indonesia. [1]
- March 13
- Yugoslavia grants 1,000 prisoners amnesty. [1]
- March 14
- Disarmament conference opens in Geneva, Switzerland, without France. [1]
- March 15
- Five research groups announce simultaneous discovery of anti-matter. [1]
- March 18
- Algerian War ends after 7.5 years of fighting (250,000 die), Ben Bella flees. [1]
- Dmitri Shostakovich becomes member of Supreme Soviet of USSR. [1]
- March 19
- Archbishop Suenens of Mechelen-Brussels appointed cardinal. [1]
- March 28
- Military coup in Syria, President Nazim al-Kudsi flees. [1]
- March 29
- Argentine President Frondizi flees from the army. [1]
- April 5
- Manager J Daems appointed bishop of Antwerp, Belgium. [1]
- Saint Bernard Tunnel finished-Swiss/Italian workers shake hands. [1]
- April 7
- Yugoslav ex-president Milovan Djilas returns to jail. [1]
- April 8
- Accords of Evian (Algeria) accepted by referendum in France. [1]
- April 14
- Demonstration for sovereign status of New-Guinea in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1]
- Georges Pompidou becomes President of France. [1]
- April 15
- US national debt above US$300,000,000,000. [1]
- April 16
- Brazil nationalizes US businesses. [1]
- April 21
- Century 21 Exposition opens in Seattle, Washington. [1]
- April 23
- Ranger 4, first US satellite to reach Moon, launched from Cape Canaveral. [1]
- April 24
- MIT sends TV signal by satellite for first time: California to Massachusetts. [1]
- April 25
- US resumes above ground nuclear testing, at Christmas Island. [1]
- April 26
- In Kiel, West Germany, a building is hit by a falling meteorite. [521]
- US/United Kingdom launch Ariel; first international payload, first United Kingdom satellite. [1]
- April 27
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 1
- First French underground nuclear experiment in the Sahara. [1]
- France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1]
- May 2
- Organization of the Secret Army strikes in Algeria. [1]
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 3
- Express train crashes into wreckage of a commuter train and a freight, killing 163, injuring 400 (Tokyo, Japan). [1]
- May 4
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 6
- First nuclear warhead fired from Polaris submarine (Ethan Allen). [1]
- Antonio Segni elected President of Italy. [1]
- Pathet Lao breaks cease fire/conquerors Nam Tha Laos. [1]
- May 7
- Pulitzer prize awarded to Theodore H White (Making of President 1960). [1]
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 8
- First Atlas Centaur Launch. [1]
- London, England trolley buses go out of service. [1]
- May 9
- Laser beam successfully bounced off Moon for first time. [1]
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 11
- Antonio Segni becomes President of Italy. [1]
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- US sends troops to Thailand. [1]
- May 12
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 14
- Ex-President of Yugoslavia Milovan Djilas sentenced to five years. [1]
- Princess Sophia of Greece weds Don Juan Carlos of Spain. [1]
- US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1]
- May 15
- US marines arrive in Laos. [1]
- May 19
- Indonesian paratroopers land in New Guinea. [1]
- US performs nuclear test at Christmas Island (atmospheric). [1]
- May 22
- Netherlands telephone net becomes completely automated. [1]
- May 23
- OAS leader General Raoul Salan sentenced to life. [1]
- May 24
- M Scott Carpenter aboard Aurora 7 launched into earth orbit. [1]
- May 25
- US performs nuclear test at Christmas Island (atmospheric). [1]
- May 30
- 69 killed in bus crash (Ahmedabad, India). [1]
- June 1
- Oscar 2 (ham radio satellite) launched into Earth orbit. [1]
- June 3
- Air France Boeing 707 crashes on takeoff from Paris, kills 130. [1]
- June 15
- South Africa passes a bill setting death penalty for many crimes. [1]
- June 29
- First flight of Vickers (British Aerospace) VC-10 long-range airliner. [1]
- (month unknown)
- The Zagam meteorite falls in Nigeria. (It is later shown to be from Mars.) [523.106]
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